The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic objective to explore the plant resources of the country and to identify the plant species with economic virtues. The Headquarters of BSI is located at Kolkata and its 10 circle offices have been set up at various places of the country. During the successive plan periods, the functional base of Botanical Survey of India was expanded to include various new areas such as inventorising endemic rare and threatened plant species, evolving conservation strategies; studies on fragile ecosystems and protected areas like sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves; monitoring of changes in floristic components; conservation, multiplication and maintenance of germplasm of plant genetic resources, endemic and threatened species, wild ornamentals etc. in Botanic Gardens and Orchidaria; ethnobotanical and geobotanical studies and development of National Data base on Herbarium (including type specimens) and live collections, plant genetic resources, plant distribution and nomenclature.
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